2-2三峽祖師廟
三峽祖師廟,原名「三峽清水祖師廟」,不僅是當地信仰中心,更是一座融合美學、歷史與文化的藝術殿堂。由李梅樹大師主導重建,他秉持「像西方百年教堂一樣慢慢蓋、好好蓋」的理念,邀集眾多藝術家如台展三少年林玉山、陳進、郭雪湖等,共同創作雕刻畫稿,與匠師們合作,將廟宇轉化為台灣美術史的縮影。祖師廟內雕刻題材極為豐富,光鳥類就有百種以上,包括李梅樹筆下的紅嘴藍鵲與象徵吉祥的「百鳥朝梅柱」。此外,還可見多種動物、吉祥獸與水族生物,猶如一座雕刻動物園,讓孩子們能從「尋寶」中學習民俗文化與美學涵養。祖師廟以其細緻雕刻、多元題材與教育價值,成為深具文化魅力與藝術價值的地標,也是傳統與創新完美交融的代表。
2-1李梅樹紀念館
李梅樹(1902–1983)是臺灣現代美術的重要奠基者之一,畢業於東京美術學校西洋畫科,擅長寫實風格的油畫,亦精通水墨與素描。他不僅是畫壇巨擘,更積極參與藝術教育與地方公共建設,尤其主持三峽祖師廟重建工程,將廟宇打造為融合傳統工藝與現代美學的東方藝術殿堂。李梅樹的創作歷經外光寫實、本土鄉情到晚期的光影自然,風格多變卻始終關懷土地與人文。
為紀念其藝術成就與貢獻,三峽設有「李梅樹紀念館」,館內展示其油畫代表作、素描手稿、畫具與生活器物,並可見他自幼展露的繪畫天賦。紀念館亦結合祖師廟導覽,介紹其對美術教育與寺廟藝術的深遠影響。走進館內,不僅是走進藝術家的生命歷程,更是感受臺灣美術史與在地文化融合的最佳起點。
40布農族傳統建築 Traditional Bunun Architecture
布農族主要分佈在埔里以南中央山脈及其東側,傳統住居地分佈在500至3000公尺之間,是臺灣原住民住居地最高的民族。傳統房屋材料包含板岩、木材、茅草、藤皮和檜木皮,並以板岩屋和檜木皮屋最具特色。
布農族傳統住屋窗戶少,建築低矮封閉,易於禦敵防獸;住家建築型態完備,除主屋外,有獨立的雞舍、豬舍,部落領袖的家屋旁還有敵首棚架。
布農族係山田燒墾與狩獵維生,因山田燒墾面積廣大,而出現散居的形式,農作與狩獵又需要較多勞力,大家庭制度應運而生。
該族是以男性(父親)為主的社會體系,子女們依興趣與專長各司其職。因此,一個布農住家常由幾個小家庭合組,也比其他族群大得多。
Bunun people are mainly distributed in the north, south and east of Puli Township, with traditional territory ranging from 500 to 3,000 meters above sea level. Hence, they are the highest-inhabiting ethnic group in Taiwan. Traditional building materials included slate stones, timber, thatch and rattan. Traditional Bunun houses have few windows and sit low on the ground to defend from dangerous creatures. Other than the main dwelling, there are separate chicken coops and pigsties. There is even a shed for placing enemies’ heads at the chief’s house.
Bunun people lived off agriculture and hunting. The slash and burn agricultural system required a large scale of land, which resulted in people living far apart. However, farming and hunting require a lot of labor, and so the people developed a system of extended family.
Bunun has a patriarchal society, and each child grows up with an interest or profession in different fields. Therefore, a Bunun dwelling usually consists of many small families, which are much larger than other ethnic groups.
39拉阿魯哇族傳統建築 Traditional Hla'alua Architecture
拉阿魯哇族主要分佈在高雄市桃源區及那瑪夏區,過去歸屬於鄒族,2014年6月26日,正名為拉阿魯阿族。
拉阿魯哇族的家屋平面為長方型平地式地基,前後兩斜坡式茅葺屋頂,牆壁以茅莖砌成。家屋外觀和結構與鄒族傳統橢圓形家屋相似,惟規模較小。正門入口位於右側,灶爐設於中央偏左或偏右,寢床對稱設於灶爐二側。
仿製重建1940年燕爾社之家屋,平面為矩形,設有兩處入口,床舖三張,無障壁,爐靠牆壁。
Hla’alua people are mainly distributed in Taoyuan and Namxia districts of Kaohsiung City. In the past, they were categorized as Tsou (Cou) people. On June 26, 2014, they were officially recognised as Hla’alua.
The traditional house sits on a flat rectangular foundation, has a thatched roof and walls. The appearance and structure of the house is similar to that of the Tsou (Cou)’s, but only smaller. The main entrance is located on the right, the stove is slightly right or left from the center, and the beds are placed symmetrically on both sides of the stove.
This house is a reconstruction of the 1940s house in Yan’er Village. It has a rectangular foundation, two entrances, three beds, no partition walls, and a stove against the wall.