22賽德克族傳統建築 Traditional Sediq Architecture
賽德克族傳統建築主要有部落家屋、穀倉、望樓、門牆及耕作地住屋等,後來還發展出集薪茅屋、牛舍、豬舍及雞舍。
其傳統住屋有兩種型式,一為半穴式的木造住屋,為傳統住屋原型;二為因應遷徙之便而發展之竹屋。
賽德克族遷徙主因是部落與耕作地相距愈來愈遠,往返費時費力且壓縮耕作的時間。爰以漸次遷徙方式入住新居地,新家屋都是部落族人相互幫忙攜手築成,展現部落意集體意識。
賽德克族「半穴式」的部落家屋,係於建地向下挖掘約1.5至2公尺之方形或長方形地基後,續於坑形地面上立柱興建,爰該類家屋約有一半形體位於地面之下;屋內陳設簡樸,一般會有兩個三腳式爐灶,一個用於烹食,置於稍靠裡側的牆邊,另一個用以取暖,置於屋內中央的位置。
The traditional buildings of the Sediq people mainly include family houses, barns, watchtowers, gate fences and houses on farming land. Later, they developed other buildings such as a cow shed, pigsty and chicken coop. There are two types of traditional houses, one is a half-underground wooden house and the other is a bamboo house, which emerged as a result of migration.
Their half-underground houses are constructed by excavating a square or rectangular foundation of about 1.5 to 2 meters deep, followed by the construction of pillars on the foundation. These houses have simple furnishings. Generally there are two three-legged stoves. One is used for cooking that is placed by the wall, and the other is used for heating, which is placed in the center of the house.
20賽夏族傳統建築 Traditional Saisiyat Architecture
賽夏族發源於大霸尖山,洪水時期,遷徙到阿里山附近,隨後曾落腳竹南、後龍、竹北、北埔等地,最後抵達現居地南庄鄉與五峰鄉。
現居地盛產竹子,並毗鄰泰雅族與客家人,因此生活習慣與居住空間均受
此影響。
賽夏族傳統家屋為長方形地基,以粗竹或原木為柱,壁面以竹搭成,屋頂覆以竹片或茅草。
在漢人影響下,房屋內部由原有單一空間,漸轉變為具隔間設計,並於正廳設置祖先牌位。
賽夏族傳統建築要素,以住屋正室內設有火塘取暖與烹煮食物,及屋門出入口倒掛動物下顎骨的獸骨架,最具象徵意義,但目前獸骨架已不復存在。
Saisiyat people originated from Mount Dabajian. During the flood period, they migrated to the vicinity of Alishan, and then settled in Zhunan, Houlong, Zhubei, Beipu and other places, and finally arrived in Nanzhuang Township and Wufeng Township where they now live. Since they are living adjacent to the Atayal and Hakka people and that the area is rich in bamboo, their living habits are greatly influenced by it. The traditional houses of the Saisiyat people have a rectangular foundation, with thick bamboo or logs as columns, bamboo walls, and thatch roof.
Under the influence of the Han people, the house interior gradually transformed from a single-room structure to having partitions inside the house. The ancestral tablets that were placed in the main hall was also an influence from the Han people. Some traditional architectural elements of Saisiyat people include a fire pit in the main house for heating and cooking, and an animal-bone rack with hanging animal jawbones at the entrance and exit of the house .
19撒奇萊雅族傳統建築 Traditional Sakizaya Architecture
撒奇萊雅族原歸屬為阿美族,2007年1月17日正名,主要分佈於花蓮縣花蓮市、新城鄉、瑞穗鄉以及豐濱鄉等地。
其主屋係矩形平地式,結構柱材多為茄苳樹、楠木、杉木,牆材主為木板及竹子,屋頂斜樑以「穿」式與柱子組合,即斜樑崁入穿越柱頭,以木栓固定,橫樑安置處則以藤繫之並鋪設竹子或是菅蓁;屋頂樣式為前後兩斜坡的茅草屋頂。
早期族人為集居狀態,聚落外圍種植濃密的刺竹林便於防衛,並建築高聳的瞭望臺,觀察敵情。
The Sakizaya people were originally grouped as part of the Amis until 2007. They are mainly distributed in Hualien City, Xincheng Township, Ruisui Township and Fengbin Township in Hualien County.
Traditionally, the main house is on a flat rectangular ground. The structural pillars are mostly of timber from bishop wood, Phoebe zhennan, and Chinese fir, and the walls are mainly wooden boards and bamboo fixed with bolts. Where the beams are placed, they are tied with rattan and laid with bamboo or silvergrass. It has a thatched roof with slopes at the front and back.
In the early days, the people lived in a concentrated settlement. They planted a dense thorn bamboo forest around the settlement to facilitate defence, and built a watchtower for observing the enemy.
18雅美族(達悟族)傳統建築 Traditional Yami (Tao) Architecture
因應蘭嶼熱帶海洋性炎熱氣候,無高山屏障之地形,雅美祖先發明主體位於地面下,地面上僅見屋頂之「豎穴式住屋」,此設計冬暖夏涼,強風可順屋頂坡度而下,不易嚴重損壞;以卵石鋪陳地基,利於雨水滲透以防積水。
雅美男子除維持家計外,就屬建造家屋最為重要。
In response to the tropical oceanic hot climate of Orchid Island and the steep mountain, hilly terrain, Yami (Tao)’s ancestors have invented the semi-underground houses. The main body of the house is under the ground, and only the roof can be seen above ground. This design allows strong wind to flow over the roof, keeps the house warm in winter and cool in summer. The foundation is paved with pebbles, which is conducive to the penetration of rainwater to prevent water accumulation. Building a house is most important for Yami (Tao) men.